which of the following is an example of a diathesis-stress model?

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15-01-2025

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The diathesis-stress model is a psychological theory that explains how a predisposition (diathesis) combined with environmental stressors can lead to the development of a mental disorder. It's not a single, specific example, but rather a framework for understanding the interplay of vulnerability and environmental triggers. Let's explore what constitutes a diathesis-stress example and look at some scenarios to clarify the concept.

Understanding the Diathesis-Stress Model

The core idea behind the diathesis-stress model is that mental illness isn't simply caused by genetics or environment alone. Instead, it's the interaction between these two factors that matters most.

• Diathesis: This refers to an underlying vulnerability or predisposition. This could be genetic (inherited traits), biological (brain chemistry imbalances), or psychological (learned patterns of thinking or behaving). It's important to note that having a diathesis doesn't automatically mean someone will develop a disorder.
• Stress: This refers to environmental factors that challenge an individual's coping mechanisms. Stressors can be major life events (like job loss or trauma) or smaller, chronic stressors (like ongoing financial difficulties or relationship problems).

The model proposes that individuals with a higher diathesis (greater vulnerability) need less stress to trigger a disorder. Conversely, those with a lower diathesis might require a significantly higher level of stress to develop the same disorder.

Examples of the Diathesis-Stress Model in Action

Let's illustrate with some hypothetical examples:

Example 1: Major Depressive Disorder

• Diathesis: A person has a family history of depression and a genetic predisposition towards serotonin imbalance. This represents their underlying vulnerability.
• Stress: They experience a significant job loss and the subsequent financial strain, leading to social isolation and feelings of hopelessness. This is the environmental trigger.

The combination of the genetic predisposition (diathesis) and the stressful life event (job loss) increases the likelihood of developing Major Depressive Disorder.

Example 2: Anxiety Disorders

• Diathesis: An individual has a naturally anxious temperament and learned avoidance behaviors in childhood.
• Stress: They experience a highly demanding work environment with constant deadlines and public speaking requirements.

The combination of pre-existing anxiety and the work stressors could lead to the development of Generalized Anxiety Disorder or a specific phobia related to public speaking.

Example 3: Schizophrenia

• Diathesis: Genetic predisposition to schizophrenia, potentially involving abnormalities in brain structure or neurotransmitter function.
• Stress: Exposure to significant trauma or a period of intense stress during adolescence.

The interaction between genetic vulnerability and environmental stress during a crucial developmental period could increase the risk of developing schizophrenia. Note that this is a complex disorder with multiple potential contributing factors.

Which Scenario BEST Fits the Diathesis-Stress Model?

To determine which of a given list of examples best fits the diathesis-stress model, you need to analyze each scenario for:

1. Evidence of a pre-existing vulnerability: Is there a genetic predisposition, a learned behavior, or a biological factor that increases the likelihood of developing a disorder?
2. Evidence of a significant stressor: Is there a major life event, chronic stress, or environmental trigger that could push someone over the edge?
3. The interaction between the two: Does the scenario suggest that the combination of the vulnerability and the stressor is what leads to the disorder, rather than either factor alone?

A scenario clearly demonstrating both a diathesis and a stressor, and their interaction in the development of a mental disorder, would best exemplify the diathesis-stress model.

Conclusion

The diathesis-stress model offers a nuanced understanding of mental illness. It highlights the importance of both biological and environmental factors in the development of mental disorders. By recognizing the interplay between predisposition and stress, we can develop more comprehensive and effective prevention and treatment strategies. Remember, it's crucial to consult with mental health professionals for diagnosis and treatment of any mental health concerns.